Руководитель:
доктор физ.-мат. наук
отв. исполнитель
Т.Н. ПолюшкинаDuring the project implementation the following results were obtained:
- The accumulation of experimental data of ULF observations and accompanying ground-based and satellite measurements of the parameters of magnetospheric and interplanetary plasma and magnetic field, indices of geophysical and solar activity has been completed.
- The classification of modulated signals by the type of modulation and by the types of pulsations is proposed. The main attention is paid to the short-wavelength part of the ULF range, where frequency modulation manifests itself most clearly and diversely.
- The conditions for observing serpentine emission (SE), narrow-band emission with a frequency varying in the range from 0.1 to 3 Hz, sometimes lasting for several hours or even a day, have been analyzed. It was first discovered on tape recordings of magnetic field oscillations at Antarctic station Vostok in the first half of the 1970s. Indirect evidence has been obtained for the validity of the hypothesis of the extra-magnetospheric origin of the solar energy, expressed as early as 1973, which opens the way for using the information potential of the solar energy in the study of wave activity in the solar wind. A recommendation was made to resume ULF measurements in the subpolar regions using induction magnetometers.
- Three different types of frequency modulation of multiband radiation of an ionospheric Alfven resonator (IAR, frequency range 0.2-10 Hz) are considered in detail: daily, seasonal and solar-cyclic modulation. All of them are due to variations in the properties of the ionosphere during the day, year or solar cycle. The most pronounced diurnal modulation is manifested in the change in the frequency of all harmonics of radiation throughout the day: from a minimum near local noon to maximum values in the period from midnight to early morning hours. Less known is the seasonal modulation of the average frequency of the IAR radiation: from a minimum in the summer to a maximum in the winter months. At the same time, the depth of daily modulation also changes throughout the year, but in antiphase to the frequency: minimum in winter, and maximum in summer. We also revealed a clear modulation of the IAR frequency in the solar activity cycle: the average annual frequency is inversely proportional to the average annual number of sunspots with a correlation coefficient of 0.99.
- We proposed a practical method for estimating the electron concentration in the F2 layer of the ionosphere based on multiple regression analysis of a set of predictors, the main of which is the frequency scale of the IAR radiation, that is, the distance between its neighboring harmonics. Other predictors are the predictions of f0F2 and the minimum Alfven velocity according to the IRI-2012 model, local time, season, and the auroral activity index AE. The results give a root-mean-square error that is 1.65 times lower than the error of the estimate based on the IRI-2012 model without using data on the IAR frequency: 3100 versus 5100 cm^(- 3).
- The evolution of the so-called "magnetic holes" (MH is a sharp short-term decrease in the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field) was analyzed. It is believed that interacting with the magnetosphere, these turbulent structures can cause local disturbances in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. We studied the evolution of MHs observed first by the ACE spacecraft, and then, as a result of their transfer by the wind flow, by the Wind spacecraft. We selected 15 MHs. Of these, 9 MHs belong to the linear type of magnetic holes, 5 MHs of the rotational type, and one more was observed against the background of the chaotic behavior of the IMF components. The character of MH evolution during their transfer was varied - from complete preservation of the shape to its significant change both towards deepening of the hole and steepening of its front, and towards its significant spreading. In conclusion, we discussed the possible modulation effect of MH on wave phenomena in the magnetosphere and outlined ways for further study of the evolution of magnetic holes in the solar wind.
- As a continuation of the work on studying the relationship of electromagnetic ULF pulses with seismotectonic processes, we analysed the characteristics of such signals detected from distant earthquakes minutes before a seismic event. It is shown that the dynamic spectra of signals from earthquakes occurring in different regions of the earth's surface are similar and repeat at different magnitudes and depths of the source.